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Understanding Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Arthritis?

Arthritis is a common condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints. It affects people of all ages, but it is more common in older adults. In fact, arthritis can make daily tasks harder because it limits movement. According to the CDC, over 54 million adults in the United States have some form of arthritis. There are many types, but osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common. While arthritis can affect any joint, it often targets the knees, hands, hips, and spine. Early care can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Common Symptoms of Arthritis

Arthritis symptoms can vary, but most people notice joint pain first. Sometimes, symptoms develop slowly. Other times, they appear suddenly. Knowing the signs can help you seek care early. Common arthritis symptoms include:

  • Joint pain or aching, especially after movement
  • Stiffness, often worse in the morning or after rest
  • Swelling around one or more joints
  • Redness or warmth near the affected area
  • Reduced range of motion in the joint
  • Fatigue or feeling tired easily

    • However, not everyone has all these symptoms. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to a doctor.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Arthritis has many causes. Sometimes, it develops as people age. Other times, injuries or infections can trigger it. Here are some common causes and risk factors:

  • Age: Risk increases as you get older
  • Family history: Genetics can play a role
  • Previous joint injuries: Old injuries may lead to arthritis later
  • Obesity: Extra weight puts stress on joints
  • Gender: Some types, like rheumatoid arthritis, are more common in women
  • Autoimmune diseases: The immune system may attack healthy joints

    • Because some risk factors can be changed, healthy habits may help lower your risk.

    Diagnosis Methods

    Doctors use several methods to diagnose arthritis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they examine your joints for swelling, redness, or warmth. Often, they order tests to confirm the diagnosis. Common diagnosis methods include:

  • Physical exam: Checking joint movement and tenderness
  • Blood tests: Looking for signs of inflammation or autoimmune disease
  • Imaging tests: X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to see joint damage
  • Joint fluid analysis: Testing fluid from the joint for infection or crystals

    • Early diagnosis can help you start treatment sooner and prevent joint damage.

    Treatment Options

    There are many arthritis treatment options. The right plan depends on the type and severity of your arthritis. Orthopedic arthritis care often includes a mix of medical, surgical, and lifestyle treatments. Here are some common options:

    Medical Treatments

  • Pain relievers: Medicines like acetaminophen or NSAIDs
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs: To reduce swelling and pain
  • Physical therapy: Exercises to improve strength and movement
  • Joint injections: Steroids or other medicines injected into the joint

    • Surgical Treatments

  • Joint repair: Fixing damaged parts of the joint
  • Joint replacement: Replacing the joint with an artificial one
  • Joint fusion: Fusing bones together for stability

    • Lifestyle Changes

  • Regular exercise: Gentle activities like walking or swimming
  • Healthy diet: Eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals
  • Weight management: Losing extra weight to reduce joint stress
  • Using assistive devices: Canes or braces to support joints

    • Because each person is different, your doctor will help you choose the best treatment plan.

    Prevention and Self-Care Tips

    While not all types of arthritis can be prevented, some steps may lower your risk. Even after diagnosis, self-care can help manage symptoms. Consider these tips:

  • Stay active with regular, low-impact exercise
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Protect your joints during activities
  • Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables
  • Get enough rest and manage stress
  • Follow your treatment plan as advised by your doctor

    • With these habits, you may reduce pain and keep your joints healthy longer.

    When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

    Sometimes, arthritis symptoms worsen or do not improve with basic care. In such cases, it’s crucial to see an orthopedic specialist. Seek help if:

  • You experience severe joint pain or swelling
  • Your symptoms limit daily activities
  • You notice joint deformity or loss of movement
  • Pain persists despite over-the-counter medications

    • Early care from an orthopedic expert can help prevent further joint damage and significantly improve your quality of life.

    For more information, visit trusted sources like the CDC or WHO.

    Consult an orthopedic specialist at Sant Gajanan Maharaj Hospital for personalized arthritis care and advice.

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